22/01/2018

Mind the (tax) gap!

With the 31 January deadline for submitting online self assessment tax returns for 2016/17 looming large, it is an appropriate time to consider the ‘tax gap’ – the difference between the amount of tax that HM Revenue & Customs should in theory collect and the amount that it actually does rake in.

According to HMRC figures, the tax gap for 2015/16 is estimated at £34 billiion, which is 6% of total tax liabilities. Around 20% is down to taxpayers filing income tax self assessment.

Taxpayers who have yet to complete their self assessment return should bear in mind that one of the reasons HMRC measures the tax gap is to help it “understand how non-compliance occurs and how it can be addressed”.

Some taxpayers make simple errors in calculating the tax that they owe, despite their best efforts, while others “don’t take enough care”.

Legal interpretation, evasion, avoidance and criminal attacks on the tax system also contribute and the impossibility of collecting outstanding tax from businesses that become insolvent is one of the reasons why it is impossible for HMRC to collect every penny of tax  owed.

An analysis by the Institute of Fiscal Studies of data from a decade of HMRC’s random audit programme shed more light on tax gap issues by revealing that

  • 36% of SA taxpayers have some under-reporting on their returns … and this rises to 60% among the self-employed
  • most under-payments are less than £1,000 … but less than 4% of taxpayers owe more than £10,000 and account for more than 50% of the self assessment tax gap
  • HMRC audits can recover significant revenue, but the self-employed tend to revert to under-reporting within a few years
  • 40% of men are likely to under-report, as opposed to 27% of women
  • in hospitality and transport, more than 50% of total tax owed was not reported

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